Abstract
Infantile hemangioma (IH) is the most common vascular tumour in infants. The pathogenesis of IH is complex and poorly understood. Therefore, achieving a deeper understanding of IH pathogenesis is of great importance. Here, we used the Ribo-Zero RNA-Seq and HiSeq methods to examine the global expression profiles of protein-coding transcripts and non-coding RNAs, including miRNAs and lncRNAs, in IH and matched normal skin controls. Bioinformatics assessments including gene ontology (GO) and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed. Of the 16370 identified coding transcripts, only 144 were differentially expressed (fold change ≥ 2, P ≤ 0.05), including 84 up-regulated and 60 down-regulated transcripts in the IH samples compared with the matched normal skin controls. Gene ontology analysis of these differentially expressed transcripts revealed 60 genes involved in immune system processes, 62 genes involved in extracellular region regulation, and 35 genes involved in carbohydrate derivative binding. In addition, 256 lncRNAs and 142 miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed. Of these, 177 lncRNAs and 42 miRNAs were up-regulated in IH, whereas 79 lncRNAs and 100 miRNAs were down-regulated. By analysing the Ribo-Zero RNA-Seq data in combination with the matched miRNA profiles, we identified 1256 sponge modulators that participate in 87 miRNA-mediated, 70 lncRNA-mediated and 58 mRNA-mediated interactions. In conclusion, our study uncovered a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network that could further the understanding of the mechanisms underlying IH development and supply new targets for investigation.
Highlights
Infantile hemangioma (IH) is the most common vascular tumour in childhood, affecting 4% to 5% of infants worldwide [1]
Differential expression profiles and bioinformatics analysis of mRNAs in IH compared with matched normal skin controls
kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) Pathway analysis indicated that the chemokine, NF-kappa B and TGF-beta signalling pathways, as well as cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), were mostly found in the IH samples compared with matched normal skin (Figure 1C)
Summary
Infantile hemangioma (IH) is the most common vascular tumour in childhood, affecting 4% to 5% of infants worldwide [1]. Hemangiomas can show severe progression, which leads to tissue and organ damage that in some cases becomes life-threatening. Clinical treatment varies, including steroids, interferon-alfa, and β-blocker propranolol [2, 3]. No definitive therapy is available for IH due to the adverse effects of each drug. The risk factors for IH include preterm birth and placental anomalies [4]. IH has a unique clinical course with proliferation and involution phases [5]. Numerous genes involved in IH have been identified. The pathogenesis and cause of hemangioma remain largely unknown
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