Abstract
This study investigated the effect of various cultivation conditions (sucrose/phosphate concentrations, aeration level) on alginate biosynthesis using the bacterial producing strain Azotobacter vinelandii 12 by the full factorial design (FFD) method and physicochemical properties (e.g., rheological properties) of the produced bacterial alginate. We demonstrated experimentally the applicability of bacterial alginate for tissue engineering (the cytotoxicity testing using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)). The isolated synthesis of high molecular weight (Mw) capsular alginate with a high level of acetylation (25%) was achieved by FFD method under a low sucrose concentration, an increased phosphate concentration, and a high aeration level. Testing the viscoelastic properties and cytotoxicity showed that bacterial alginate with a maximal Mw (574 kDa) formed the densest hydrogels (which demonstrated relatively low cytotoxicity for MSCs in contrast to bacterial alginate with low Mw). The obtained data have shown promising prospects in controlled biosynthesis of bacterial alginate with different physicochemical characteristics for various biomedical applications including tissue engineering.
Highlights
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutralTo date, the use of bacterial alginates and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) has attracted researchers’ attention whose main research focuses are tissue engineering and biopharmacology [1,2]
Since biosynthesis and bacterial PHA physicochemical properties studies were discussed in detail, this study will be mainly focused on bacterial alginates [3,6]
The distinctive ability of this polymer is the ionotropic interaction of guluronic residues with bivalent calcium cations leading to hydrogel formation [7]
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutralTo date, the use of bacterial alginates and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) has attracted researchers’ attention whose main research focuses are tissue engineering and biopharmacology [1,2]. Alginates exist as hydrophilic unbranched exopolysaccharides with two uronic acid monomers: (1-4) -β-D-Mannuronic acid (M) and its C5 epimer α-L-Guluronic acid (G) [4] These polymers are biocompatible and biodegradable and can be used to successfully develop 3D constructs for tissue engineering and regenerative surgeries [5]. The distinctive ability of this polymer is the ionotropic interaction of guluronic residues with bivalent calcium cations leading to hydrogel formation [7] These polymers have great potential for developing numerous materials such as hydrogels and scaffolds in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine [8,9], and wound dressings with biologically active with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations
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