Competitive Adsorption of Cadmium (II) from Aqueous Solutions onto Nanoparticles of Water Treatment Residual

Elsayed Elkhatib,Ahmed Mahdy,Fatma Sherif,Walaa Elshemy

doi:10.1155/2016/8496798

Abstract

There is increasing interest in using water treatment residuals (WTRs) for heavy metals removal from wastewater due to their low cost, availability, and high efficiency in removing various pollutants. In this study, novel water treatment residuals nanoparticles (nWTRs) were prepared using high energy ball milling and used for efficient removal of Cd(II) in single- and multi-ion systems. The WTR nanoparticles demonstrated high removal efficiency for Cd from aqueous solution as the adsorption capacities of nWTR were 17 and 10 times higher than those of bulk WTR in single- and multielement systems, respectively. Noticeably, Cd(II) adsorption was clearly suppressed in the multi-ion system as Cu and Pb form the most stable monohydroxo complexes. Fourier transmission infrared (FTIR) analyses suggested the participation of OH−, O-Al-O, FeOH, and FeOOH entities in the adsorption process. The stability of Cd-nWTR surface complexes is evident as less than 0. 2% of adsorbed Cd(ll) was released at the highest Cd(II) concentration load after 4 consecutive desorption cycles. Moreover, the real efficiency of nWTR for Cd(II) removal from wastewater samples studied was calculated to be 98.35%. These results highlight the potential of nWTR for heavy metals removal from wastewater.

Highlights

Aquatic ecosystems contamination especially with heavy metal ions is an environmental problem worldwide
After the reaction with Cd ions, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of nWTR (Figure 1(b)) shows formation of a coating layer on the surface of the nWTR which indicates that the reaction occurred on the surface of nWTR
The SEM-EDX analysis spectrum (Figure 1(b)) ascertained the appearance of a cadmium peak (2.20%) amongst the elements detected in Cd-saturated nWTR

Summary

Introduction

Aquatic ecosystems contamination especially with heavy metal ions is an environmental problem worldwide. The main form of Cd in contaminated water is Cd(II) and the remediation technologies available to reduce Cd concentrations in contaminated water systems include ion-exchange, solvent extraction, chemical precipitation, phytoextraction, ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, and adsorption [3,4,5,6]. Most of these technologies have shown limitations in removing the toxic contaminants from contaminated water to safe levels and they are costly, laborious, and time-consuming [7, 8]. Because of their amorphous nature, WTRs have shown strong affinity for Ni, Cu, Pb, and Hg [9,10,11,12]

Objectives

Results

Conclusion