Abstract
The object of the research is to study the influence of the method of growing mown and grain-forage varieties of spring vetch in mixed crops with spring rapeseed on the seed yield and crop structure. Indicators that characterize productivity, intensity of arable land use, competitiveness and aggressiveness of crops are considered. Sowing spring vetch with a seeding rate of 1.3, 0.8, 0.6 and 0.4 million germinating seeds per hectare mixed with rapeseed leads to the formation of a grain crop that significantly exceeds the yield for single-species vetch sowing. Evaluation of Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) shows that when using vetch-rapeseed crops, the productivity of 1 ha of arable land increases from 1.38 to 1.98 times, while both the influence of varietal specificity and the seeding rate of the legume component is manifested. The efficiency of arable land use increases due to the interaction of both crops and increasing their competitiveness in the agrocenosis. In the conditions of the Middle Urals, high efficiency of vetch cultivation in mixed crops with rapeseed was revealed, and the influence of changes in the seeding rate on the yield of spring vetch seeds was established.
Highlights
The growth of livestock production is directly related to the provision of high-protein feed
Weather conditions in 2017 and 2018 were significantly different. 2017 was characterized by arid conditions against the background of high temperatures throughout the growing season, while in 2018 the growing season was characterized by a lack of temperatures with excessive moisture
Regardless of weather conditions, single-species crops of all the studied varieties of vetch were completely flattened by the time of lodging, which made it much more difficult to thresh them
Summary
The growth of livestock production is directly related to the provision of high-protein feed. It is advisable to use any source of protein that can cover its lack in the diets of farm animals. One of these sources of protein is vetch. It does not occupy the areas corresponding to its value in agricultural production. The reason for this is objective and subjective circumstances [1]. Spring vetch is a non-perennial legume crop grown to produce green mass, hay, haylage and grain, which is almost as valuable as clover and alfalfa in terms of feed value. The high feed productivity of the crop is evidenced by the high availability of 1 c. u. of raw (187-223 g) and digestible (164-196 g) protein [2,3,4]
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