Competitive ability of black common bean genotypes with weeds

Gilcimar Adriano Vogt,Alvadi Antonio Balbinot Junior,Rogério Luiz Backes,Michelangelo Muzell Trezzi,Waldir Nicknich

doi:10.1590/s1413-70542013000500002

Abstract

The morpho-physiologic characteristics of common bean plants can affect their competitive ability with weeds. The objective of this work was to evaluate the competitive ability of black bean genotypes with weeds. An experiment was carried out in the 2010/11 cropping season in Papanduva, SC, southern Brazil, in order to verify the variability of some plant characteristics among genotypes of common bean. The randomized block design was used, with four replications. Seven cultivars underwent the treatments: BRS Campeiro, CHP 01-238, CHP 01-239, Diamante Negro, BRS Supremo, BRS Valente, IPR Uirapuru, FTS Soberano, IPR Graúna, IPR Tiziu e IAC Diplomata. At 6, 14, 18, 25 and 32 days after emergence (DAE) were evaluated plant height, ground cover by common bean plants, dry biomass of stems and leaves, and grain yield. In the 2011/12 cropping season the same cultivars were grown in the presence or absence of weeds, adopting similar methodology to the 2010/11. The losses of grain yield in black common bean genotypes due to weed interference ranged from 30.8% to 54.9%. There was a positive correlation between yield reduction promoted by the weed infestation and dry biomass produced by the weeds. In addition, there was a positive correlation between percentage of yield reduction due to the weed infestation and grain yield without weed interference. The characteristics evaluated did not estimate the competitive ability of black common bean genotypes with weeds.

Highlights

The black common bean is consumed mainly in the states of Rio de Janeiro, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, and Santa Catarina, Brazil
In the 2010/11 cropping season there was no variation among genotypes for plant height and dry biomass of stems and leaves
The mean of grain yield observed in the 2010/11 season was 3,269 kg ha-1, demonstrating that genotypes, environment and management practices were adequate to obtain high yields

Summary

Introduction

The black common bean is consumed mainly in the states of Rio de Janeiro, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, and Santa Catarina, Brazil. This type of beans and the carioca common bean are the two most consumed groups in Brazil. One relevant factor that limits the yield and depreciates the quality of the grains is the weed interference. This is partly due to the lack of herbicides with high efficiency and low toxicity to the crop. The common bean crop has low competitive ability with weeds for water, nutrients and light (PROCOPIO et al, 2004a; CURY et al, 2013). The modern cultivars of common bean have low plant height, about 70 cm, increasing the

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