Abstract
Investigations on Shelduck with broods on the Ythan estuary (Aberdeenshire, Scotland) showed that, among any neighbouring pairs, one pair was dominant over the other. Dominant pairs occupied larger exclusive areas (non-overlapping zones) than subordinate pairs at high density, irrespective of the order of their arrival on the mudflats. Subordinate pairs could become increasingly restricted in their spatial activities and, in some cases, were eventually completely excluded from a particular area. The behaviour of dominant pairs may limit the number of broods and the breeding output of the Ythan shelduck population.
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