Abstract
As an eco-friendly transportation mode, shared bicycles provide a new option for public transit users in urban areas. China’s bicycle-sharing market began flourishing in July 2016 and reached a plateau in 2017. How shared bicycles influenced public transit systems during this period is an interesting topic. A case study of Beijing is conducted. This study aims to identify the competitive and cooperative influences of shared bicycles on public transit by exploring the changes in public transit trip distances before and after the upsurge in bicycle-sharing. A histogram shifting method is introduced to examine the influences of shared bicycles on public transit services from a travel distance perspective. A spatial correlation of bicycling usage and public transit changes is calculated using units of gridded cell spaces. The results show: (1) overall transit usage continued growing after the shared bicycles market reached a plateau; (2) short public transits within 2 km decreased while transfers within 2 km increased; and (3) the decrease of short transits and increase of transfers within 3 km were spatially highly correlated to the usage of shared bicycles. Hence, the role of bicycle-sharing systems is competitive for existing public transit systems during short trips and cooperative for connecting transits.
Highlights
Bicycling is encouraged for urban sustainability, public health, and traffic congestion alleviation [1]
Public Transit Distance Changes Accompanied by Shared Bicycle Surge The histograms of transit trip distances show that trip distances less than 2 km decreased; trips ranging from 2–6 km increased (Figure 7)
The high correlation was explored among X, Y, and Z, with corr(X, Y) = 0.8326 (p = 0.001), corr(X, Z) =T0h.7e76re8s(uplt=s 0sh.0o0w1),thanatd: c(1or)rt(hYe, Zu)sa=g0e.7o1f7s1h(apre=d0b.0ic0y1)c.leTshdeimd onroet srhesaureltdinbiacyrceldeuucstaiogne in onvercaelll tararenas,ithriedmerosrheipshvoorltupmueb;l(i2c)trhaonwsietvs eisr,rterdanuscietdriidnetrhsahtipcevlloaluremae. sInfoardsdhitoirotnd, imstoarneceshs,aersepdebciacyllcylewuitshaigne 2 km, decreased while transfers within 2 km increased with the rise in shared bicycle usage; and (3) the decrease of short transits and increase of near transit transfers were highly correlated to the geographical distribution of shared bicycles
Summary
Bicycling is encouraged for urban sustainability, public health, and traffic congestion alleviation [1]. A method to evaluate the influences of shared bicycles on public transit is very important for urban and transport planners. In the last few years, millions of shared bicycles purchased by companies have quickly flooded into urban areas; how and to what extent the shared-bicycle system will influence existing public transit systems has become a concern for researchers [7]. How to manage and distribute shared bicycles in urban areas is a challenging problem for city governments and planners, if they do not know the potential impacts of shared bicycles on existing public transits [8]. Data from 2016 and 2017 were employed to evaluate the influence of bicycle sharing on the public transit system in Beijing.
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