Abstract
Scholar have analyzed the emergence of social enterprises, the characteristics of social entrepreneurs, and the tensions between conflicting logics. However, we have little understanding of the dynamics at the inter-organizational level between social enterprises. Based on an in-depth, qualitative study with work integration social enterprises in the second-hand clothes industry, we uncover the dynamics of simultaneous cooperation and competition. Our analysis shows that social enterprises engage in coopetitive actions at three levels: internal upgrade, customer interface, and environment shaping. At each level, social enterprises engage in different actions of cooperation and competition. Our findings also show that cooperation and competition between social enterprises in the same industry occur simultaneously, rather than sequentially. We conclude with implications for theory and practice.
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