Abstract
ObjectivesWe aimed at investigating whether the interaction between the local inflammation, periodontitis, and obesity is independently associated with systemic inflammation.MethodsFrom the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania, 3366 participants, without (2366) and with (1000) obesity, were studied for the association of periodontitis, measured as probing depth (PD) and plaque together with body mass index (BMI) on C-reactive protein (CRP). Quantile regression was used to evaluate the association between periodontal, anthropometric, and inflammatory variables (outcomes).ResultsThe overall prevalence of obesity in this adult population was 31.4% in men and 28.1% in women. Both PD and plaque were positively associated with CRP, revealing an increasing impact across the CRP concentration distribution. Adjusting the regression of CRP or fibrinogen on PD for waist circumference attenuated but did not abolish the PD coefficients. Dental plaque was similarly associated with these interrelations. Association between PD and a dental plaque was different among participants with low-, medium-, or high-risk CRP concentrations.ConclusionLocal and systemic sources of inflammation contribute to blood levels of inflammatory markers. The respective contributions depend on the relative rate in each of the inflammation-inducing risks and are dominated by adiposity.Clinical relevanceKeeping systemic inflammation low in order to prevent age-related disease sequelae.
Highlights
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.Periodontitis is an inflammatory chronic disease of the gum leading to attachment loss and bone destruction
Obesity is characterized by systemic inflammation and this is reflected in higher levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), which is closely related to total body fat [5, 6]
Elevated blood levels of CRP or IL-6 are commonly observed in periodontitis, indicating systemic reactions to the local infection and inflammation within the oral cavity [7, 8]
Summary
Obese individuals have an increased risk of multiple chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and other inflammatory sequelae, among them periodontitis [2, 3]. Clin Oral Invest (2021) 25:2045–2053 various studies have associated periodontitis with diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, too [4]. Besides these relationships, elevated systemic concentrations of inflammatory markers are associated with obesity as well. Elevated levels of systemic inflammation may increase the likelihood of periodontal sequelae by decreasing thresholds for invading inflammatory cells. Elevated blood levels of CRP or IL-6 are commonly observed in periodontitis, indicating systemic reactions to the local infection and inflammation within the oral cavity [7, 8]
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