Abstract
Radar imaging using the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) principle is a common method to obtain information about e.g., the surface of a target. However, most image formation algorithms for such systems assume (quasi-)static measurements. This may lead to errors in the processed images if the sensor is moving during the measurement process. This is especially the case for frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW)-based sensors since the signal duration is longer than in a pulsed system and the achievable bandwidth is much larger and introduces additional challenges. Motion compensation in the context of radar imaging is usually related to the correction of deviations from an ideal trajectory. In contrast, this article presents a method to take the sensor movement during a single FMCW ramp into account and therefore addresses the effects caused by a continuous path during the transmit/receive process. Hence, faster movement can be achieved during the scanning of the synthetic aperture without being bound by stop-and-go approximations. In addition, it will be shown that the algorithm is suitable to reduce systematic errors due to aliasing caused by spatial sampling below the Nyquist rate. For this purpose, this article presents simulations and measurement results, obtained by an ultrawideband <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$D$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -band FMCW radar operating between 122 and 170 GHz.
Highlights
T HE investigation of an object’s surface properties is a common problem that occurs in many different areas, for instance, the exploration of the Earth’s surface by airplanes or satellites [1], and in short-range laboratory setups [2], e.g., in the THz scattering analysis of rough surfaces [3]
The parameters were chosen to these values, to ensure comparability with the true measurements carried out by the measurement setup presented in Section V, since higher velocities lead to increasing inaccuracies in the positioning unit
We presented methods for the compensation of errors due to fast continuous sensor movements in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging applications with ultrawideband frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar sensors
Summary
T HE investigation of an object’s surface properties is a common problem that occurs in many different areas, for instance, the exploration of the Earth’s surface by airplanes or satellites [1], and in short-range laboratory setups [2], e.g., in the THz scattering analysis of rough surfaces [3]. In these applications, radar systems are a robust measurement tool and are able to provide additional information about the material parameters of the target. Radar imaging is not just used for simple surface imaging and for tasks in the field of material characterization like it is shown in [4] and [5]. Another relevant application is the imaging of hidden objects, for instance in the field of GPR [6], through the wall imaging [7] or security screening [8]
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