Abstract
The output of a force sensor can change over time under constant load as a result of anelastic creep of components. An empirical model of this behavior in force sensors is presented. Unlike previous work, the model does not a priori assume an exponential functional form for the creep. Once parameters are obtained in a simple calibration procedure, sensor output can be quantitatively predicted, and the error that would otherwise appear in the measurement can be corrected mathematically. The proposed model captures over 98% of anelastic behavior in the bending beam load cell studied and is expected to apply to other force sensors as well, including wind-tunnel strain-gauge balances. The model also helps visualize the consequences of anelastic creep in typical calibration and test scenarios. Results demonstrate that creep-induced error can reach or even exceed 0.3% of measured load, depending on the quality of the sensor and the load schedule. Examples are given of loading patterns susceptible to the error.
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