Abstract
Compatibility of the Turkish entomopathogenic nematode isolates Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar) with six chemical pesticides registered for vegetable crops in Turkey was investigated. Mortality, infectivity, and reproduction capacity of pesticide-treated EPNs have been assessed. Our study indicated that imidacloprid and cyflumetofen showed no adverse effect on the survival, infectivity, and reproduction rates of EPNs and can be considered as the most compatible pesticides. The fungicides, fluxapyroxad + difenoconazole and ametoctradin + dimethomorph, caused significantly higher mortality on S. feltiae; however, only fluxapyroxad + difenoconazole showed the negative effect on the survival of H. bacteriophora. Although spiromesifen, spinosad and fluxapyroxad + difenoconazole treated H. bacteriophora had significantly lower reproduction capacity, no negative effect has been observed on the progeny production of S. feltiae among the tested pesticides. In this study, compatibility of cyflumetofen, fluxapyroxad + difenoconazole and ametoctradin + dimethomorph with EPNs have been reported for the first time. The results of the present study will contribute to cost-effective and sustainable management of vegetable pests.
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