Abstract
There are no clear guidelines on the compatibility between endoclips that remain in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 3T (T) MRI on endoclips placed in excised pig tissues. Two types of endoclips were assessed: Olympus EZ (HX-610-135L) and QuickClip Pro (HZ-202LR). We assessed tissue damage or perforation and detachment of endoclips under 3T MRI magnetic field. We also evaluated the magnitude of force required to detach the endoclips from the porcine tissue. We measured the magnetic force acting on the Olympus EZ clips. QuickClip Pro clips were used as a control in this study. There was no tissue damage and no detachment of the endoclips (Olympus EZ and QuickClip Pro) during 3T MRI. The force required to detach the Olympus EZ clips ranged from 0.9 to 3.0 N. The translational magnetic force acting on the endoclips was 3.18 × 10–3 N. Ex vivo experiments showed that the magnetic field generated by 3T MRI did not cause tissue damage or perforation and did not detach the endoclips. Olympus EZ clips and QuickClip Pro clips in the GI tract appear to be safe during 3T MRI.
Highlights
There are no clear guidelines on the compatibility between endoclips that remain in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Following exposure to a magnetic field for 45 min during MRI, no noticeable tissue damage or perforation was observed during endoscopy of both the stomach and the small intestine
Detachment force was only determined for the Olympus EZ clips because QuickClip Pro clips do not have magnetic properties and are compatible with MRI
Summary
There are no clear guidelines on the compatibility between endoclips that remain in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We assessed tissue damage or perforation and detachment of endoclips under 3T MRI magnetic field. There was no tissue damage and no detachment of the endoclips (Olympus EZ and QuickClip Pro) during 3T MRI. Many types of stainless steel alloys and phases associated with different crystalline structures are currently used to manufacture endoclips Their magnetic properties vary considerably, ranging from non-magnetic (austenitic grade) to highly magnetic (ferritic or martensitic grade). Both the magnetic field and friction between the clip and mucosal surface of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are forces acting on endoclips during MRI. Due to its safety during MRI, QuickClip Pro clips were used as controls in this study
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