Abstract
The introduction of new fuels to power internal combustion engines requires testing the compatibility of such fuels with materials commonly used in fuel supply systems. This paper investigates the influence of alternative fuels on the acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber and fluoroelastomer used in the automotive industry. In the study, conventional diesel fuel, its blend with 7% of fatty acid methyl esters and paraffinic diesel fuel produced with the Fisher Tropsch synthesis from natural gas were interacted with the elastomers. The immersion tests were carried out at room temperature (20 °C) for 168 h. The effect was evaluated based on changes in the selected rubber’s volume, mass and hardness. It has been confirmed that the synthetic component without aromatic hydrocarbons had a different effect on the tested rubber than did conventional fuel. In follow-up work, the selected rubbers were also subjected to microscopic observation. The most frequently observed effect was the washing out of the seal protective layer.
Highlights
The basic units powering means of transport and the equipment used for producing energy in the construction, agricultural and other sectors are diesel engines
The objective of the paper was to verify the impact of conditional fuel without fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and with FAME, as well as paraffinic diesel fuel on selected O-rings used in fuel supply systems
The study of the impact of test fuels on rubber seals involved the injection system components specified below. They can be found in a common rail (CR) injection diesel engine: (i) chloroprene rubber (CR) injector overflow nozzle O-ring 3.2 × 1.6—acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) and (ii) CR injector overflow nozzle O-ring 3.2 × 1.6—fluoroelastomer (FKM)
Summary
The basic units powering means of transport and the equipment used for producing energy in the construction, agricultural and other sectors are diesel engines. Their widespread application is the result of their high effectiveness, economic efficiency and reliability [1]. The primary fuel used to power these engines is diesel fuel, which is composed of hydrocarbons obtained from conservative or destructive crude oil processing. Due to the method of ignition of the fuel-air mixture in the engines, the key parameter in terms of these fuels is the ability to rapidly self-ignite, which is measured by the cetane number. Its high value is brought about by paraffin hydrocarbons [3]
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