Compatibilising action of random and triblock copolymers of poly(styrene–butadiene) in polystyrene/polybutadiene blends: A study by electron microscopy, solid state NMR spectroscopy and mechanical measurements

Abstract

Scanning electron microscopy, solid-state proton NMR spectroscopy and static mechanical analysis have been performed in order to evaluate the compatibilising action of random copolymers of polystyrene and polybutadiene and triblock copolymers of poly(styrene–butadiene–styrene) in incompatible polystyrene/polybutadiene (PS/PB) blends. Scanning electron microscopic examination of the cryofractured and etched surfaces showed high degree of compatibilising action of the triblock copolymers as evidenced by the very sharp decrease of the domain size of the dispersed phase followed by an increase at higher concentrations. This is a clear indication of interfacial saturation. These results were in agreement with the theoretical predictions of Noolandi and Hong. The random copolymer was not effective in compatibilising the system. Solid-state proton NMR experiments were performed on the uncompatibilised and compatibilised blends. The proton spin–lattice relaxation times in the laboratory frame, T 1( H), and in the rotating frame, T 1 ρ ( H), and spin–spin relaxation times, T 2( H), were carefully measured for the systems. Significant changes were observed for the systems compatibilised with triblock copolymers due to the preferential localisation of the copolymers at the PS/PB interface. However, the random copolymer did not have any compositional drift and is not an effective interface modifier in agreement with microscopy study. The static mechanical properties of the blends have also been analysed. The addition of triblock copolymers increased the mechanical properties of the blends. Finally, attempts have been made to correlate the NMR results with the microstructure and mechanical properties of the blends.