Abstract
Nostoc flagelliforme is an edible cyanobacterium with excellent food and herbal values. It has been used as food in China for more than 2000 years. Many studies have been focused on improving the yield and bioactivity of Nostoc flagelliforme polysaccharides although these have ignored the functional properties. In this study, we extracted and purified three polysaccharides (WL-CPS, NaCl-CPS and Glu-CPS) from Nostoc flagelliforme under normal, salt stress and mixotrophic culture conditions, respectively, in order to change the physicochemical properties of polysaccharides with the aim of obtaining better functional properties. Both salt stress and mixotrophic culture conditions increased the specific yield of polysaccharides. Their functional properties were comparatively investigated and the results showed that NaCl-CPS exhibited the highest emulsification activity and flocculation capability, which was also higher than that of some commercial products. In contrast, Glu-CPS exhibited the highest water and oil holding capacities, foaming property, intrinsic viscosity and bile acids binding capacity. Our results indicated that both NaCl-CPS and Glu-CPS could be considered to be functional polysaccharides according to their respective characteristics, which have great potential in numerous applications, such as food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, chemical and mineral industries. These findings also demonstrated the potential application of the proper regulation of culture conditions in the development of polysaccharides with desired functional properties.
Highlights
In the last few decades, polysaccharides have emerged as an important class of biopolymers due to their potential applications in different fields of applied and industrial biotechnology, such as in the removal of heavy metals from wastewater or being used as thickening or gelling agents, food additives and drug candidates for many therapies [1,2,3,4]
The experiment was divided into three groups: control group, salt stress group and mixotrophic culture group
It is reported that microalgal culture conditions are the main factors affecting the biomass accumulation, polysaccharide production and structural features [12,13]
Summary
In the last few decades, polysaccharides have emerged as an important class of biopolymers due to their potential applications in different fields of applied and industrial biotechnology, such as in the removal of heavy metals from wastewater or being used as thickening or gelling agents, food additives and drug candidates for many therapies [1,2,3,4]. Polymers 2019, 11, 263 form gels or viscous solutions that are of great industrial value These applications of polysaccharides are attributed to their physicochemical properties [6,7], which depend on their structural features, such as molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and sequence of linkages [8,9,10]. Due to their potential applications in functional foods, a growing number of studies have focused on the extraction of polysaccharides from a variety of microorganisms and plants [11,12,13]. In this study, the effects of different culture conditions, including salt stress and mixotrophic culture, on the functional properties of polysaccharides were comprehensively investigated
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