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Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivar Taichung SEL.2 (TCS2) is a salt-tolerance variety, but the mechanism involved remains unclear. This study aims to distinguish between the non-ionic osmotic and salt-mediated physiological effects on TCS2. Osmotic agents polyethylene glycol (PEG) and sodium chloride (NaCl) were applied at three iso-osmotic levels, level 1 containing 24% (w/v) PEG and 200 mM NaCl, level 2 containing 26.5% (w/v) PEG and 250 mM NaCl), and level 3 containing 29% (w/v) PEG and 300 mM NaCl, respectively. According to the investigation of chlorophyll fluorescence in the better NaCl-treated seedlings, maximal quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) (Fv/Fm) and significant higher effective quantum yield of PSII (ΦPSII) at level 3 were observed. Meanwhile, the non-photochemical quenching of PSII (NPQ) and the quantum yield of regulated energy dissipation of PSII [Y(NPQ)] were significantly higher in the NaCl-treated seedlings, and the quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation of PSII [Y(NO)] in the NaCl-treated seedlings was lower than the PEG-treated ones at level 2 and level 3. Furthermore, the less extensive degradation of photosynthetic pigments, the better ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity and the less accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) were also observed in NaCl-treated seedlings. In the morphological traits, shoot elongation in NaCl-treated seedlings was also preserved. These results suggest that TCS2 is more resistant to NaCl-induced osmotic stress than to the PEG-induced stress. This study contributes to plant breeder interest in drought- and/or salt-tolerant wheat varieties.
Highlights
Salinity in increasing frequency and intensity impacts wheat (Triticum aestivum) production around the world
The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the biochemical and physiological responses of Taichung SEL. 2 (TCS2) under iso-osmotic potentials induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) and NaCl separately, followed by determining the salt-tolerance ability of TCS2 and its mechanisms
Seeds of wheat (T. aestivum) cultivar TCS2 were collected from the Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
Summary
Salinity in increasing frequency and intensity impacts wheat (Triticum aestivum) production around the world. It is crucial to understand the mechanisms of salt stress tolerance in wheat and/or how to adapt to salt stress, and to discover how to prevent the impacts of salinity on wheat production. Salt stress would lead to osmotic and/or ionic stress over different time scales [2,3,4]. Agronomy 2020, 10, 325 regulate downstream genes in plant sequentially These regulated downstream genes would lead to the promotion of a biosynthetic pathway of osmolytes, such as proline, glycine betaine, trehalose, etc., the overexpression of transporter genes to stabilize both osmotic and ionic (Na+ /K+ ) homeostasis, the increase of activities of antioxidative enzymes against stress-induced free radicals, and accumulation of polyamines [5]. The moderate salt stress might induce salt adaptation in plant [7]
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