Comparison of Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients with Bladder Cancer and Healthy Individuals Referring to Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Hamadan, Iran, from 2018 to 2019

Abstract

Background and Objective: Bladder cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. In some studies, vitamin D deficiency has been reported in patients with bladder cancer. Vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk of bladder cancer by disrupting the responses of bladder wall cells to abnormal cells. Materials and Methods: This case-control study included 226 patients with gross hematuria who were referred to the urology clinic of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Hamadan. The patients were divided into two groups of patients (n=76) with bladder cancer (case group) and those (n=150) without bladder cancer (Control group). The data were analyzed using SPSS software (Version 16) and at a confidence level of 95%. Results: The mean serum level of vitamin D in the case and control groups was obtained at 23.78 and 27.20 ng /mL, respectively (P=0.69). In total, 50% and 34% of patients had moderate and severe vitamin D deficiency in the case and control groups, respectively (P=0.020). The mean tumor size was 2.66 cm and 4 cm in moderate and severe cases of vitamin D deficiency, respectively (P=0.007). Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is also associated with increased tumor size in patients with bladder cancer, other than increasing the chance of developing bladder cancer.