Abstract
The used water for human consumption must be free of microorganisms and chemicals that cause risk in the human health. In this study, water quality of 18 rural area of Abarkouh was determined and compared the conventional monitoring method (According to ISIR (Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran), 1053 and 4208) and use of electronic system method (Patent in industrial property general office of Iran, 77815). Free chlorine monitoring and pH test done by health workers in the conventional method and the results will be sent to the Health Network monthly. Sampling for microbiological testing is done monthly based on population (According to ISIR, 4208). On the electronic system, the procedure is also done by health workers, but the result will be sent to the receiver device by using a cell phone. According to the chlorine test results if the free chlorine residual reported zero, microbiological sampling was done by a health expert. Finally, the number of chlorine test and microbiological sampling and the results of these experiments collected in the both methods and recorded in SPSS 22 then were analyzed by using chi-square test and Fisher exact test. The result of microbiological experiments shows that the sampling rate decreased 29% in using of electronic system method in comparison to the conventional monitoring method while the number of microbial defect detection increased 19% in drinking water networks monitoring by electronic system. Using of electronic system monitoring can reduce the rate and cost of microbiological sampling and its experiments and increase accuracy of these tests, in this way it will increase the quality and safety of drinking water in distribution network in small and dispersed rural communities.
Highlights
According to definition of the World Health Organization (WHO), drinking water is the water that is suitable for human consumption and all domestic applications; it is available in sufficient quantity and appropriate quality [1]
Of 615 total chlorine tests recorded by conventional monitoring methods, the free residual chlorine was unfavorable in 52 cases (8.5%); in 652 tests that recorded by the electronic system, 61 cases of defects were reported (9.4%)
Electronic system has more accuracy (1%) in defects detection. It has not statistically significant difference with conventional monitoring method. a comparison to the abundance of microbial tests in both methods showed, of 24 and 17 samples that have been tested by the conventional method and electronic systems respectively, in the first method 1 test (2.4%) and in electronic systems method 4 test (23.5%) showed the presence of Coliform organisms in water (Table 1)
Summary
According to definition of the World Health Organization (WHO), drinking water is the water that is suitable for human consumption and all domestic applications; it is available in sufficient quantity and appropriate quality [1]. According to a joint report by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) [3], the Office of the United Nations Development Planning (UNDP) [4], the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP) [3], and the World Health Organization (WHO) [5], nearly 83 percent of the Iranian rural population had access to safe drinking water. The accessibility indicator of safe drinking water in rural areas in Iran was 67.48 percent in 2006 [4]. The most important cause of outbreaks waterborne disease is pollution in distribution water networks. One of the main topics of quality control unit is paying attention to the quality of drinking water in distribution water network [6]
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