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Abstract
BackgroundSilk cocoon is composed of multiple layers. The natural silk cocoon containing all layers was cut as a rectangular shape as defined as total group. The inner and outermost layers were removed from the total group and the remained mat was defined as the middle group. The objectives of this study was to compare the total group with the middle group as a barrier membrane for the guided bone regeneration.MethodsThe effects of these materials on the cellular proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression of MG63 cells were explored. For comparing bone regeneration ability, bilateral bone defects were created in calvarial areas in ten adult New Zealand white rabbits. The defects were covered with silk membranes of the middle group, with silk membrane of the total group used as the control on the contralateral side. The defects were allowed to heal for 4 and 8 weeks. Micro-computerized tomography (μCT) and histological examination were performed.ResultsThe middle group exhibited a higher MTT value 48 and 72 h after treatment compared to the total group. ALP expression was also higher in the middle group. The results of μCT and histologic examination showed that new bone formation was significantly higher in the middle group compared to the total group 8 weeks postoperatively (P < 0.05).ConclusionsIn conclusion, the middle layer of the silk cocoon supports guided bone regeneration better than unprocessed silk cocoon.
Highlights
Silk cocoon is composed of multiple layers
Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a technique that compensates for the lost alveolar bone, in which a membrane acts as a barrier to block epithelial migration [1]
tetrazolium salt 3-(4 (MTT) assay and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay Compared with the total group, MG-63 cells treated with the middle layer exhibited decreases in MTT activity at 24 h after application (P < 0.001)
Summary
Silk cocoon is composed of multiple layers. The natural silk cocoon containing all layers was cut as a rectangular shape as defined as total group. Bioresorbable collagen membranes, mainly prepared from porcine collagen [5], are mechanically weak and are unable to maintain space [6], whereas the non-resorbable Gore-Tex® has sufficient mechanical strength to support space even for vertical bone augmentation [7]. Despite this advantage of providing support to the osseous defect, the effectiveness of Gore-Tex® is limited due to the risk of membrane exposure leading to bone graft failure [4].
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