Abstract
Detailed information about graft material characteristic is crucial to evaluate their clinical outcomes. The present study evaluates the physico-chemical characteristics of two xenografts manufactured on an industrial scale deproteinized at different temperatures (non-sintered and sintered) in accordance with a protocol previously used in sinus lift procedures. It compares how the physico-chemical properties influence the material’s performance in vivo by a histomorphometric study in retrieved bone biopsies following maxillary sinus augmentation in 10 clinical cases. An X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the typical structure of hydroxyapatite (HA) for both materials. Both xenografts were porous and exhibited intraparticle pores. Strong differences were observed in terms of porosity, crystallinity, and calcium/phosphate. Histomorphometric measurements on the bone biopsies showed statistically significant differences. The physic-chemical assessment of both xenografts, made in accordance with the protocol developed on an industrial scale, confirmed that these products present excellent biocompatibilitity, with similar characteristics to natural bone. The sintered HA xenografts exhibited greater osteoconductivity, but were not completely resorbable (30.80 ± 0.88% residual material). The non-sintered HA xenografts induced about 25.92 ± 1.61% of new bone and a high level of degradation after six months of implantation. Differences in the physico-chemical characteristics found between the two HA xenografts determined a different behavior for this material.
Highlights
The use of dental implants for the rehabilitation of missing teeth has increased treatment options for patients
This study demonstrated that sinus augmentation with both BBM and PBM produces an increased these materials is sometimes avoided through lack of information, or due to contradictions between vertical bone dimension compared and to the baseline values, which accommodates dental implant manufacturers’
Despite different responses being somehow anticipated since these materials, as the results show, have quite distinct properties, the following discussion attempts to interpret the in vivo response of these two biomaterials in terms of their physico-chemical characteristics
Summary
The use of dental implants for the rehabilitation of missing teeth has increased treatment options for patients. Loss of teeth in the posterior maxillary area can lead to adverse consequences. It is not uncommon to observe severe maxillary sinus pneumatization, which reduces the implant prosthetic alternatives to replace missing teeth. In this anatomical situation, it can be very difficult to obtain effective primary stability. Maxillary sinus augmentation has been shown to be a predictable method to increase posterior maxillary bone height, and allows placing dental implants when the residual alveolar ridge is deficient in bone volume [1].
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