Comparison of two varieties of Plectranthus scutellarioides based on extraction method, phytochemical compound, and cytotoxicity

Abstract

Plectranthus scutellarioides have more than 173 varieties that can be distinguished from leaves foliage. Each variety produces certain second metabolite. Among all varieties, color blaze dark star was the one commonly used in Indonesia as traditional medicine. Optimization extraction process, qualitative phytochemical analysis, and preliminary assessment of toxicity of color blaze dark star and trailing queen variety of Plectranthus scutellarioides were investigated. Extraction process in color blaze dark star variety using Microwave assisted extraction show the highest %yield of extract but in trailing queen variety the highest %yield of extract was obtained from soxhletation method. Qualitative phytochemical analysis using thin layer chromatography from methanol, ethanol, and water extract with all method of extraction showed that both of varieties of Plectranthus scutellarioides contain alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, and phenol. The highest toxicity with LC50 39 µg/ml was showed from ethanol extract using microwave assisted extraction of color blaze dark star variety.