Comparison of two reference black carbons using a planar PCB as a model sorbate

Abstract

In studies assessing sorption of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in natural systems, the choice of an appropriate reference black carbon, which can represent environmental black carbon (BC), is essential. This study compared isotherms of two commonly available and distinct reference BCs ( n-hexane soot (BCRM) and diesel particulate matter (SRM 2975)) and a natural sediment from a source with little black carbon (Lake Hartwell, SC) using 3,3′,4-trichlorobiphenyl (IUPAC #35) as a model sorbate. There was greater sorptivity for PCB-35 by BCRM than by SRM 2975. The observed differences in sorption between the two reference black carbons for PCB-35 may be ascribed to the different chemical characteristics of the black carbons. Differences in pore volume distribution at <16 Å pore width are less likely to be responsible for the observed differences in sorption. The elemental analysis confirmed that BCRM was a pure n-hexane soot because only C, H and O were measured. In contrast, SRM 2975 also contained N and S and a higher O% than BCRM. Compared to the low BC sediment, the two reference BCs had greater pore volume distributions, surface areas, total pore volumes and sorption. The observed n F (i.e., Freundlich exponent) values for PCB indicated greater linearity of the isotherms for the natural sediment than for the reference black carbons. For designing studies of sorption of HOCs in natural systems, in particular, when PCBs are contaminants of concern, results of this study can aid selection of the appropriate reference BCs.