Abstract
Objective: To compare the levels of TNF- α and IL-1 β in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) during early leveling stage of orthodontic treatment. Material and Methods: This study was carried out on 20 orthodontic patients, including 10 teenagers and 10 adults. Before bonding, GCF was collected with a paper strip in gingival sulcus of maxillary right central incisor on the disto labial aspect for 60 seconds, followed by bonding and insertion of initial 14 NiTi archwire. GCF collection was repeated 24 hours, 7 days, and 28 days after bonding. Measurement of TNF- α and IL-1 β levels was done utilizing Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Data were analyzed in SPSS using repeated measurement test . Results: Concentration of TNF- α and IL-1 β increased after treatment. There was no significant relationship between TNF- α and IL-1 β concentrations subsequent to bonding in comparison to the baseline. There was no significant relationship in TNF- α and IL-1 β level changes in the two age groups and between males and females . Conclusion: Concentration of TNF- α and IL-1 β increased after treatment. Age and sex had no statically significant effect on the concentration of TNF- α and IL-1 β .
Highlights
It is widely accepted that the application of force to the teeth and its adjacent structures induces changes in the gingiva, periodontium, cementum, and alveolar bone, as well as cellular population and remodeling capacity
Concentration of TNF-α and IL-1β increased after treatment
There was no significant relationship in TNF-α and IL-1β level changes in the two age groups and between males and females
Summary
It is widely accepted that the application of force to the teeth and its adjacent structures induces changes in the gingiva, periodontium, cementum, and alveolar bone, as well as cellular population and remodeling capacity. Mechanical stress caused by orthodontic appliances stimulates the cells in the periodontium to produce bioactive substances such as cytokines and enzymes responsible for the remodeling of connective tissues and osteoclast activation These substances can be evaluated non-invasively by keeping track of the changes that occur in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in tooth movement [3]. Orthodontic tooth movement entails a number of inflammation-like reactions, including excessive vascular activity, increased leukocyte and macrophage count, as well as, immune system involvement. Cytokines such as IL, RANKL, and TNFs and, interferons and growth factors play a significant role in regulating the turnover in connective tissues and bone remodeling during tooth movement
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