Comparison of three systems for concurrent production of lamb meat and wool

Abstract

Abstract An innovative lamb-feeding facility with a raised-slatted floor (RF) was designed and built for the purposes of concurrently producing high-quality, high-value wool and large, lean lamb carcasses. A ration was formulated to provide a low rate of gain in order that lambs attained slaughter weight (59 kg) when they were approximately 12 month of age because a 12-month fleece is a prerequisite for high value in the targeted hand spinning niche wool market. A study was conducted to compare production and quality of wool and meat and associated economics of feeding lambs housed in the RF system versus two conventional systems, a feedlot (FL) and supplementation on pasture (P). For this purpose, 143 5-month-old, male, castrated Rambouillet lambs were obtained and assigned to a production system. Half of the lambs in the RF and FL systems were fitted with protective coats. As planned, daily gain was greater and days to slaughter were less in the FL versus the RF system, with P being intermediate. Final shorn bodyweights were similar in each system, but RF dressing percentage was considerably lower than those in the FL and P systems. This anomaly was likely due to the greater gut fill of RF lambs compared to those in the other two systems. Leaner carcasses were produced in the RF and P systems compared to the FL system. The RF fleeces were heavier than those produced in the FL system with P fleeces being intermediate. Average fiber diameter and variability did not differ among treatments. Though considerably longer than FL staples, wool produced in the RF system was more uniform (CV%) in terms of fiber diameter measured along the staple length. Importantly, coats did not affect rates of gain in either the FL or RF system and had minimal effects on other measured properties. Coated fleeces were only arithmetically higher yielding than uncoated fleeces (55.2% versus 53.4%), but the coated fleeces were visually cleaner and brighter than uncoated fleeces, which is very important for the targeted niche market. Price obtained for coated RF wool sold into a niche market was five times higher than conventionally marketed FL and P wool prices. Net income per head was negative for all three systems (−US$ 0.11, −US$ 2.20, and −US$ 5.57 per head for FL, P, and RF, respectively). In this study, the substantially higher returns from the niche wool market did not compensate fully for the extra cost of production and the extra effort required for niche marketing.