Abstract
Coffea canephora is subject to enormous competitive challenges from other crops, especially for farmer sustainability and consumer requirements. Coffee breeding programs have to focus on specific traits linked to these two key targets, such as quality character, largely depending on the bean’s biochemical composition and field yield. Two segregating populations A and B, from crosses between a hybrid (Congolese × Guinean) FRT58 parental clone and a Congolese FRT51 genotype and between two Congolese parents FRT67 and FRT51, respectively, were used to characterize the quantitative trait loci (QTL) involved in agronomic and biochemical traits. A consensus genetic map was established using 249 SSRs covering 1,201 cM. Three QTL detection models per population with MapQTL (model I) and MCQTL (model II) followed by a connected population approach with MCQTL (model III) were compared based on their efficiency, precision for QTL detection, and their genetic effect assessment (additive, dominance, and parental-favorable allele). The analysis detected a total of 143 QTLs, 60 of which were shared between the three models; 28 found with two models; and two, 13, and 40 specific from models I, II, and III, respectively. The last model III based on connected populations is much more efficient in detecting QTLs with low variance explained and led to the genetic characterization of favorable allele. Thanks to this comparison of three QTL detection models on our quantitative genetic study, we will give a new insight for coffee breeding programs dedicated to managing complex agronomic or qualitative traits.
Highlights
Coffee is the world’s favorite beverage and the most widely traded tropical agricultural commodity worldwide with more than 8.6 million tonnes of green beans produced in 2012 (IOC 2012)
Significant mean differences between the two crosses were detected for all traits except for the length of internodes (In) and the bean lipid content (Li)
Progeny B (FRT67×FRT51) had a higher average yield (Yi) over 7 years. This cross had a higher number of cherries per node (Cn)
Summary
Coffee is the world’s favorite beverage and the most widely traded tropical agricultural commodity worldwide with more than 8.6 million tonnes of green beans produced in 2012 (IOC 2012). Seven genetic and geographic C. canephora groups were identified: the Guinean from Ivory Coast and Guinea, the Congolese from Congo, the Conilons from Gabon, group B from the Central African Republic, group C from Cameroun, group R from Democratic Republic of Congo, and group UW from Uganda (Berthaud 1986; Cubry et al 2008; Dussert et al 1999; Gomez et al 2009; Musoli et al 2009; Sumirat et al 2012) This wide genetic diversity of Robusta is an important resource for breeding programs
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