Comparison of the wear behavior and surface properties of zirconia and resin-based CAD/CAM restorative materials after different sandblasting procedures

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the effects of different sandblasting procedures on the wear and surface properties of zirconia and resin-based CAD/CAM restorative materials and to evaluate the relationships among materials and procedures. Materials and Methods: A total of 160 specimens of 2 mm thickness were prepared from Cerasmart, Vita-Enamic, Tetric-CAD, and Katana-Zirconia CAD/CAM materials. Each material was divided into four groups. Group-1: Control; Group-2: 29 μm Al2O3; Group-3: 30 μm CoJet; and Group-4: 50 μm Al2O3. Sandblasting procedures were applied from a distance of 10 mm for 15 s at 2 bar pressure. The volume loss resulting from sandblasting was calculated. The samples were then scanned with a Nanovea-PS50 non-contact profilometer. The Ra, Rz, and Sa values were recorded. The data were analyzed with the Shapiro-Wilk test and two-way ANOVA. Results: Group-4 showed the highest Ra and Rz values in all materials. The highest Sa and volume differences values were observed for Cerasmart, Vita-Enamic, and Tetric-CAD in Group-4; similar values were obtained for Katana-Zirconia. When the materials were compared, Cerasmart exhibited the highest volume differences, Ra, Rz, and Sa values in Group-4, while Katana-Zirconia demonstrated the lowest. Conclusions: Sandblasting procedure and material type showed a significant impact on the wear and surface properties. The abrasive effect increased with the increasing Al2O3 particle sizes for resin-matrix materials. Sandblasting with 50 μm Al2O3 exhibited the lowest wear and surface roughness values for Katana-Zirconia and the highest for Cerasmart.