Comparison of the Transcriptome Response within the Swine Tracheobronchial Lymphnode Following Infection with PRRSV, PCV-2 or IAV-S.

Miller Miller,Lager Lager,Fleming Fleming

doi:10.3390/pathogens9020099

Abstract

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a major respiratory pathogen of swine that has become extremely costly to the swine industry worldwide, often causing losses in production and animal life due to their ease of spread. However, the intracellular changes that occur in pigs following viral respiratory infections are still scantily understood for PRRSV, as well as other viral respiratory infections. The aim of this study was to acquire a better understanding of the PRRS disease by comparing gene expression changes that occur in tracheobronchial lymph nodes (TBLN) of pigs infected with either porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2), or swine influenza A virus (IAV-S) infections. The study identified and compared gene expression changes in the TBLN of 80 pigs following infection by PRRSV, PCV-2, IAV-S, or sham inoculation. Total RNA was pooled for each group and time-point (1, 3, 6, and 14 dpi) to make 16 libraries—analyses are by Digital Gene Expression Tag Profiling (DGETP). The data underwent standard filtering to generate a list of sequence tag raw counts that were then analyzed using multidimensional and differential expression statistical tests. The results showed that PRRSV, IAV-S and PCV-2 viral infections followed a clinical course in the pigs typical of experimental infection of young pigs with these viruses. Gene expression results echoed this course, as well as uncovered genes related to intersecting and unique host immune responses to the three viruses. By testing and observing the host response to other respiratory viruses, our study has elucidated similarities and differences that can assist in the development of vaccines and therapeutics that shorten or prevent a chronic PRRSV infection.

Highlights

Respiratory diseases are extremely costly to the swine industry worldwide and ongoing research is essential to gain a better understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prevention of respiratory disease [1,2,3,4]
The Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), influenza A virus (IAV-S) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) viral infections followed a clinical course in these domestic pigs typical of experimental infection of young pigs with these viruses [24,25,26]
Weight gain (Figure 1b) was the highest in pigs inoculated with IAV-S (0.31 kg/day), followed in decreasing order by pigs inoculated with PCV-2 (0.26 kg/day), control pigs (0.25 kg/day), and PRRSV (0.18 kg/day)

Summary

Introduction

Respiratory diseases are extremely costly to the swine industry worldwide and ongoing research is essential to gain a better understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prevention of respiratory disease [1,2,3,4]. The cell has a number of innate mechanisms to detect the diversion of these functions and will initiate events to inhibit viral replication or to kill itself in an attempt to stop the infection [8,9,10,11]. These events, and how effective they are, have a profound effect on the events that follow. These include the ability to respond to and end the infection at the Pathogens 2020, 9, 99; doi:10.3390/pathogens9020099 www.mdpi.com/journal/pathogens

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