Comparison of the Transcranial Approach and Transsphenoidal Approach Based on the Anatomical Location of Origin in Pediatric Craniopharyngiomas

Abstract

BackgroundVarious clinical classifications of craniopharyngiomas (CRPs) have been proposed to suggest optimal surgical planning. We aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of pediatric CRPs and the clinical significance of anatomical classification in relation to the diaphragm sellae. MethodsA retrospective review was conducted on patients under 18 years of age who underwent surgery for CRPs from July 1998 to August 2022. The patients were divided into transcranial approach (TCA), and transsphenoidal approach (TSA) groups, which included microscopic TSA and endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) groups. EEA has been adopted at our institute since 2011. CRPs were classified by their origin and relationship with the diaphragm sellae. ResultsA total of 132 pediatric CRP patients were included in this study, 117 of whom underwent surgery for primary CRP and 15 for recurrent CRP. Among them, 89 (67.4%) underwent TCA, 9 (6.8%) had microscopic TSA, and 34 (25.8%) had EEA. In subdiaphragmatic CRPs with competent diaphragm sellae, TSA tended to yield better outcomes than did TCA in terms of stalk preservation and ophthalmological outcomes. After the introduction of EEA, the proportion of supradiaphragmatic CRPs treated via the TSA increased from 0% to 50% (p < 0.001). Gross total resection (HR=0.194; 95% CI=0.102–0.367, p < 0.001) and adjuvant therapy (HR=0.208; 95% CI=0.048–0.897, p = 0.035) were found to be positive prognostic factors for long-term tumor control. ConclusionsOver time, with the adoption of EEA at our institute, the impact of anatomical classification on the surgical apprpoach has decreased. Nevertheless, an individualized surgical approach should be employed to improve long-term outcomes and minimize complications for pediatric CRPs.