Comparison of the Stress Analysis To Obtain The Tensile Properties of Three Type-1 and Type-3 Collagen Membranes

Abstract

The aim of this study is to evaluate the mechanical tensile strength for control and specification of three collagen membranes, cross-linked and non-cross-linked, as well as their stress–strain curve. The treatment of sequelae caused by destruction of the periodontal structure resulting from periodontal disease, especially the treatment of alveolar bone defects, known as guided bone regeneration (GBR), is generally aimed at restoring the periodontal insertion apparatus, with the possibility of structural support of membranes and/or barrier, and has been widely studied. Depending on the reaction to their biological environment, membranes can be grouped into two types: resorbable membranes, which, due to biological degradation, induce a tissue response that can negatively affect wound healing and complicate regeneration; and non-resorbable membranes, which have proven to be effective in preventing the invasion of connective and epithelial tissue in the healing area. Resorbable membranes have a high potential for application in periodontal and peri implant regeneration, which indicates collagen as the main extracellular component involved in processes, including cell migration and differentiation. Descriptive statistics of quantitative variables were made by calculating the mean, standard deviation, and standard error; the number of observations was also considered. Statistical inference was applied based on one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) in the comparison of means in three types of membranes (Bioguide, Jason, and Lumina Dermal) for four dependent variables: elastic modulus (GPa), maximum load (N), breaking stress (MPa), and breaking strain (%). The mechanical characteristics of collagen membranes can be influenced by the action of glutaraldehyde, creating a cross-linking structure in the collagen matrix, thereby substantially increasing the mechanical properties of the membrane; on the other hand, this also increases cytotoxicity. Otherwise, the search for natural collagen membranes with good fixation properties is difficult, due to membrane standardization. Nonetheless, through dimensional and mechanical measurements, it is possible to mechanically qualify collagen membranes and compare them. When assessing the physical stress and tensile properties of the three membranes, high levels of mechanical strength were observed, especially in the Lumina Dermal membrane by Criteria Biomateriais, which presents higher rates based on the methodologies and tests applied, mainly when compared to other samples.