Abstract
This study presents a comparison of the spatio-temporal variability of characteristics (magnitude, duration and timing) of annual minimum daily extreme flows (AMEF) as a function of land use and the mode of management of dams. Streamflow measured at stations not affected by dams at Joliette, along the L’Assomption River (agricultural watershed, 1340 km2), and at Saint-Michel-des-Saints, on the Matawin River (forested watershed, 1390 km2) on one hand, and downstream from the Rawdon dam (regulated natural-type management mode), on the Ouareau River (1260 km2), which is the main tributary of the L’Assomption River, and from the Matawin dam (inverted-type management mode), on the Matawin River (4070 km2), on the other hand, were compared over the period from 1930 to 2010. As far as the spatial variability of natural rivers is concerned, the magnitude and duration of AMEF are higher in the forested watershed than in the agricultural watershed. In regulated rivers, AMEF magnitude is higher downstream from the dam characterized by a natural-type management mode than downstream from the dam characterized by inversion-type management. However, downstream from the latter, AMEF occur much more frequently and very early in the year. As for temporal variability, the Lombard method did not reveal any influence of land use differences on the stationarity of series of AMEF characteristics. In contrast, differences in dam management mode result in occurrences of AMEF downstream from the inversion-type dam progressively earlier in the year. The duration and timing of AMEF are not correlated with the same climate variables, be it in natural rivers or downstream from dams.
Highlights
Minimum extreme flows are sensitive to environmental changes induced by climate variability and human activities
Mean values of climate variables measured in both watersheds are shown in Table 1, which shows that temperature and precipitation are higher in the L’Assomption River watershed than in the Matawin River watershed
annual minimum daily extreme flows (AMEF) magnitude and duration are lower in the L’Assomption River watershed than in the Matawin River watershed, whereas no significant difference in AMEF timing is observed between the two watersheds
Summary
Minimum extreme flows are sensitive to environmental changes induced by climate variability and human activities (deforestation, reforestation, urbanization, agriculture, dams, etc.). Using several general circulation models coupled with a hydrological model, [9] analyzed the impact of increased agricultural surface area, associated with increased temperature, on the evolution of summer minimum flows, among other things, in the Chaudière River watershed. Such predictions are often marred by relatively high uncertainty concerning the response of extreme hydrological events to climate warming (e.g., [10,11]). Aside from deforestation and farming, the impacts of numerous dams and reservoirs in Quebec on spatial variability of extreme minimum flows have been analyzed [13]. These impacts depend on the type of dam management mode
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