Abstract
The treatment of heavy metal-contaminated wastewater is an important action to reduce the negative impacts of industrial wastes on water bodies. This work focuses on the application of a low-cost titanium (IV) phosphate sorbent of TiO(OH)H2PO4·2H2O chemical composition toward lead and zinc ions depending on their concentration and the temperature of the solution. The kinetic studies showed that the values of the rate of intraparticle diffusion and the effective diffusion coefficients for Zn2+ were considerably higher than those for Pb2+. To explain the difference between the sorption kinetics rates for Pb2+ and Zn2+, the effective radius and dehydration degree of the adsorbed ions were calculated. The sorbent capability of the lead and zinc ion removal and its excellent efficiency in the presence of a high concentration of calcium ions were demonstrated using simulated mine water. Due to the fast kinetics and the high exchange capacity of titanium phosphate toward divalent ions, this sorbent can be considered as a promising material for the concentration and immobilization of heavy metals into the phosphate matrix.
Highlights
Heavy metals are known to be among The priority environmental pollutants [1,2]
The treatment of wastewater polluted by heavy metals is an important action to reduce The negative impacts of industrial wastes on water bodies
The most common method of removing lead and zinc ions from wastewater is chemical precipitation [5]. This process is simple, but it depends on factors such as The temperature, The presence of impurities in The solution, and concentrations of metal ions
Summary
Heavy metals are known to be among The priority environmental pollutants [1,2]. The treatment of wastewater polluted by heavy metals is an important action to reduce The negative impacts of industrial wastes on water bodies. It should be noted that lead is one of The most toxic elements, and it is poisonous to living organisms at certain concentrations [3] It usually occurs along with zinc in lead–zinc mine water and The wastewater of many industries, such as electroplating, textile mills, and manufacturing of metals, paints, viscose fibers, and chemicals [4]. The most common method of removing lead and zinc ions from wastewater is chemical precipitation [5] This process is simple, but it depends on factors such as The temperature, The presence of impurities in The solution (which impede The ion precipitation), and concentrations of metal ions. These toxic metals have very low threshold limit values (TLV) (0.05 mg·L−1 for Pb2+ and 2 mg·L−1 for Zn2+). The main disadvantage of electrochemical methods is The high power consumption [8]
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