Comparison of the Screening Tests for Gestational D.M One Step and Two Step Methods among the Pregnant Women

Abstract

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) has defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1999 as any degree of carbohydrate intolerance resulting in hyperglycemia of variable severity, with onset or first recognition during pregnancy, excluding overt diabetes in early pregnancy [1]. Its prevalence varies worldwide and also with the testing method and diagnostic criteria used [2]. Extensive research has demonstrated that GDM is associated with short- and longterm complications concerning both mother and child. Screening and treating GDM are an effective means to prevent short term complications and a significant opportunity for intervention in order to avoid long term ones [3]. Short term complications of GDM such as macrosomia, shoulder dystocia, birth trauma, increased rate of cesarean section, in uterine fetal death, neonatal hypoglycemia, congenital anomalies, and respiratory distress syndrome, and to the occurrence of maternal hypertensive disorders [4]. Long term complications include maternal increased risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) later in life and major potential metabolic pattern disorders in the offspring, which would lead to increased risks of abnormal glucose tolerance, obesity and metabolic syndrome [5].