Comparison of the Pull-Out Test with the Direct Shear Test on the Interaction properties between Geogrids and Sands

Abstract

This paper introduces a new apparatus which is capable of carrying out both “Pull-out test” and “Direct shear test” of geogrid reinforced soils. And by the results of both tests carried out, the difference and relationship between the pull-out resistance and the direct shear strength were discussed.Main conclusions obtained from this study are as follows:The pull-out shear stress and the shear stress in each pull-out test and direct shear test may be related in each other for the small value of the vertical confining pressure. But when a large value of the vertical pressure is applied, those relations between the results of both tests are not always hold good.