Comparison of the Optimal Design of Spinal Hybrid Elastic Rod for Dynamic Stabilization: A Finite Element Analysis

Abstract

The spinal hybrid elastic (SHE) rod is a semi-rigid pedicle screw-based rod for spinal dynamic stabilization. This study investigated the biomechanical effects of different ratios of SHE rod using finite element analysis (FEA). A three-dimensional nonlinear FEA of an intact lumbar spine model (INT) was constructed. The SHE rod was composed of an inner nitinol stick (NS) and an outer polycarbonate urethane shell (PS). Four groups implanted at L3–L4 had the same outer diameter (5.5 mm) but different NS diameter/PS thickness ratios: Nt45, Nt35, Nt25, and Nt15. The resultant intervertebral range of motion (ROM), disc stress, facet joint contact force, screw stress, NS stress, and PCU stress were analyzed. The results indicated that ROM, disc stress, and facet force decreased moderately in the implanted L3–L4 levels and increased slightly in the adjacent L2–L3 levels. The NS stress and NS diameter trended towards inverse proportionality. Changing the ratio did not markedly influence screw or PS stress. The SHE rod system with elastic NS and insulated PS has a 5.5 mm diameter for universal pedicle screws. The SHE rod system provides sufficient spinal support and increases gentle adjacent segment stress. Considering the durability, the optimal NS diameter/PS thickness ratio of the SHE rod system is 3.5/2.0 mm.