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Abstract
Using 3D technologies such as virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR), has intensified nowadays. The mainstream AR devices in use today are head-mounted displays (HMDs), which, due to specification limitations, may not perform to their full potential within a distance of 1.0 m. The spatial reality display (SRD) is another system that facilitates stereoscopic vision by the naked eye. The recommended working distance is 30.0~75.0 cm. It is crucial to evaluate the observation accuracy within 1.0 m for each device in the medical context. Here, 3D-CG models were created from dental models, and the observation errors of 3D-CG models displayed within 1.0 m by HMD and SRD were verified. The measurement error results showed that the HMD model yielded more significant results than the control model (Model) under some conditions, while the SRD model had the same measurement accuracy as the Model. The measured errors were 0.29~1.92 mm for HMD and 0.02~0.59 mm for SRD. The visual analog scale scores for distinctness were significantly higher for SRD than for HMD. Three-dimensionality did not show any relationship with measurement error. In conclusion, there is a specification limitation for using HMDs within 1.0 m, as shown by the measured values. In the future, it will be essential to consider the characteristics of each device in selecting the use of AR devices. Here, we evaluated the accuracies of 3D-CG models displayed in space using two different systems of AR devices.
Highlights
The use of 3D technologies such as virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR)has improved in recent years [1,2]
The difference between the spatial reality display (SRD) and Model values ranged from 0.02 ± 0.32 mm to 0.59 ± 0.37 mm, and there was no significant difference between the SRD and Model values for any of the items
In this experiment, we evaluated the visibility of the 3D-CG model within 1.0 m for the head-mounted displays (HMDs) and SRD
Summary
The use of 3D technologies such as virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR)has improved in recent years [1,2]. Technological advances have made it possible to capture the unseen [3,4,5]. These advances in technology allow visual aids through visualization to traditional blind tasks that rely on sensory approaches derived from clinical experience [6,7]. Its use for surgical guidance, navigation, and clinical education is being considered [2,8,9]. AR devices allow users to see 3D-CG models displayed in real space in three dimensions and manipulate them freely. Evaluation of the accuracy of the displayed 3D-CG model is essential for clinical applications. A previous study evaluated the AR technology in HMDs [7]
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