Abstract
Mineral elements are essential nutrients for humans and play important roles in many human physiological and bio-chemical processes. In this study, a comparison between the levels of mineral elements present in the water of public drinking fountains (PDRF) and in bottled water was carried out. The aim of the study is to assess the effectiveness of PDRF as a mineral supplement, compared to the low-mineral bottled water for out-door non-competitive activity, such as jogging. The city of Ferrara was chosen as the study site. It has ancient walls and on their top there is a gravel road that people use for jogging and walking. Along the road, there are two public drinking fountains that are always used. Water from these fountains was sampled and analysed for major cations and anions using ionic chromatography. Data analyses were compared with the same analyses carried out on bottled water usually used by joggers. Results showed that fountains are a valid substitute of bottled water as they have a moderate content of mineral elements. During outdoor sport activity, the water from fountains is preferable for the reintegration of mineral elements, instead of bottled water that has a very low quantity of minerals.
Highlights
Mineral elements are essential nutrient elements for humans, and play important roles in many physiological and bio-chemical processes [1,2,3,4]
The ultimate goal is to demonstrate the potential effectiveness of public drinking fountains (PDRF) as an adequate mineral supplier compared to bottled water with a low mineral content
Some commercially available bottled water is poor in mineral salts and if consumed during physical activity such as jogging, is not always the best option to reintegrate essential elements such as Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+
Summary
Mineral elements (such as Ca2+ , Mg2+ , K+ , and Na+ ) are essential nutrient elements for humans, and play important roles in many physiological (such as muscle contraction) and bio-chemical (for example, enzymatic reactions) processes [1,2,3,4]. Since many of these processes are accelerated during physical exercise, an adequate amount of mineral integration is necessary for optimal health during sport activities [1,4,5]. Ca2+ controls vascular tonicity and coagulation of the blood [2]
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