Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effect of the growth stage of Procambarus clarkii on their intestinal microbiota. Intestinal samples of five different growth stages of P. clarkii (first instar, second instar, third instar, juvenile, and adult) from laboratory culture were analyzed through the Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing platform to determine the intestinal microbiome of crayfish. The alpha diversity decreased along with the growth of the crayfish, with the relative abundance of the microbiota changing among stages; crayfish at closer development stages had a more comparable intestinal microbiota composition. A comparative analysis by principal component analysis and principal coordinate analysis showed that there were significant differences in the intestinal microbiota of crayfish among the different growth stages, except for the first two stages of larval crayfish, and the intestinal microbiota showed a consistent progression pattern from the larval stage to the juvenile stage. Some microbiota showed stage specificity, which might be the characteristic microbiota of different stages of growth. According to FAPROTAX functional clustering analysis, the three stages of larvae were clustered together, while the juvenile and adult stages were clustered separately according to the growth stage, indicating that, in the early stages of larval development, the function of the intestinal flora was similar; as the body grew and developed, the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota also changed.
Highlights
The main digestive organ of animals is the intestine, where a rich and complex microbial community colonizes
In order to obtain important basic data and provide guidance and basis for searching for factors and patterns related to changes in the intestinal microbiota in P. clarkii, this study aimed to analyze the composition of the intestinal microbiota and the histology of the intestine in P. clarkii at different development stages and to identify some stage-specific microbiota
The distinct intestinal microbiota among the development stages were confirmed by the analysis of similarities based on the Bray–Curtis distance matrix, and the results demonstrated that there were significant differences among the various development stages (p < 0.05), except between FI and SI (Table 2)
Summary
The main digestive organ of animals is the intestine, where a rich and complex microbial community colonizes. Some intestinal microbiomes affect the processes of immunoglobulin secretion, non-specific immunity, and immune response to maintain the normal function of the immune system (Rosshart et al, 2017). The intestinal microbiota is relatively stable in adults, and its structure changes more obviously in old people (Claesson et al, 2011). In other mammals, such as cattle and sheep, significant differences in the digestive tract microbiota among different stages of growth have been reported (Pang et al, 2018). Studying the factors and patterns that affect intestinal microbes is of great significance for regulating the interactions between the host organism and the intestinal microbiota
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