Comparison of the heavy metal content of motorway stormwater following discharge into wet biofiltration and dry detention ponds along the London Orbital (M25) motorway

Abstract

The Surrey section of the London Orbital M25 motorway uses mainly detention pond facilities for the treatment of stormwater runoff. A majority of these implement the use of dry detention basins. However, in a few locations biofiltration facilities operate through the use of reed bed systems. An assessment of the removal efficiencies for both wet biofiltration and dry pond treatment facilities was undertaken. Motorway-derived contaminants, including V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Cd, Sb and Pb, were measured in unfiltered stormwater collected during the initial stages of a storm event using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results suggest that a higher level of motorway-derived heavy metal contamination exists in stormwater runoff from a road section with a higher average daily traffic density. In addition, a comparison of both sites shows a higher percentage removal efficiency of heavy metals in stormwater from the biofiltration facility.