Comparison of the flexibility of various splinting methods for tooth fixation

Abstract

An experimental model was constructed to test the flexibility of the arch bar splint and the Schuchardt splint as compared with a newly introduced wire-composite splint. Vertical movement in 4 flexible incisors was tested by producing compressive forces between 15–95 Newtons on the incisal edges. The thinnest wire-composite splint was also tested for lateral flexibility by producing palatal forces from 2 angles. Movement without the splint served as the control. The tests showed that a 0.3 mm thick wire-composite splint had the flexibility closest to the control, followed by the arch bar splint, and 0.4 mm and 0.5 mm wire-composite splints, while the Schuchardt splint virtually prevented vertical movement. Lateral movement was markedly reduced by the 0.3 mm wire-composite splint as compared with the control with both a 10° and a 45° degree force. The experiments showed that a 0.3 mm wire-composite splint can be regarded as acting as a functional fixation allowing slight vertical movement of the teeth during immobilisation; it should be recommended for tooth fixation whenever possible.