Abstract
An experimental investigation has been carried out to compare the performance and emissions of a low-compression-ratio Euro 5 diesel engine featuring high EGR rates, equipped with different injector technologies, i.e., solenoid, indirect-acting, and direct-acting piezoelectric. The comparisons, performed with reference to a state-of-the-art double fuel injection calibration, i.e., pilot-Main (pM), are presented in terms of engine-out exhaust emissions, combustion noise (CN), and fuel consumption, at low–medium engine speeds and loads. The differences in engine performance and emissions of the solenoidal, indirect-acting, and direct-acting piezoelectric injector setups have been found on the basis of experimental results to mainly depend on the specific features of their hydraulic circuits rather than on the considered injector driving system.
Highlights
In the last few years, significant improvements have been made, by the automotive industry, in the development of innovative solutions that are able to comply with increasingly stringent international regulations, in terms of reduction of both CO2 and pollutant emissions [1]
Figure 8b) at 2000 × 5 show a slight trade-off behavior, i.e., a slight increase in combustion noise (CN) when NOx emissions are reduced as a result of higher EGR rates, unlike what is highlighted at 1500 × 2
The experimental investigation has concerned a comparison of the performance of indirect-acting solenoid-driven, direct, and indirect piezo-driven injectors in terms of engine-out pollutant emissions, bsfc and CN, under different working conditions in a low temperature combustion diesel engine for passenger cars
Summary
In the last few years, significant improvements have been made, by the automotive industry, in the development of innovative solutions that are able to comply with increasingly stringent international regulations, in terms of reduction of both CO2 and pollutant emissions [1]. The fuel spray pattern and atomization characteristics of indirect-acting piezo injection systems may be different from those of the solenoid-driven technology, and may be a potential source of improvement for fuel consumption and reduction of exhaust pollutant emissions from the engine [18]. In this regard, can the particular driving technology (piezo or solenoid) play an important role, and the hydraulic layout and the mechanical setup of each injector [19]. The considered solenoid-driven injector is equipped with a pressure-balanced pilot-valve and an integrated Minirail, while the indirect-acting piezo-driven injector is endowed with a bypass-circuit and the direct-acting one features a feedback control strategy of the injected fuel mass
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