Abstract
This paper compares carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for different urban buses regarding the Euro standard. Three buses were tested, two of them covering the range from Euro III to Euro IV emissions standards, and another one meeting the European Embedded Value (EEV) standard. On-board emission measurements in urban buses were conducted in real world driving routes, operated by the Madrid Municipal Transport Company (EMT), in the city of Madrid. Therefore, the paper examines the real-world efficiency of the emission control technologies conducting tests under real-world driving cycles. It also shows a comparison in emissions and fuel consumption regarding the type of fuel used. The fuels analyzed are diesel and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG). Finally, the test results obtained directly from the on-board measurements were compared with those results obtained from the application of the COPERT model and another model developed by INSIA to estimate the fuel consumption and pollutant emissions generated by the urban bus fleet of Madrid.
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