Abstract
Using the tunneling test, the standard test method recommended by the JWPA ( JWPS-TS-S), the minimum effective concentrations of 11 chemicals, known as major soil termiticides in Japan, were determined. Addition of the emulsifying agent, Tween 80, to the low water solubility chemicals among the termiticides yielded a 2- to 8-fold increase in their termiticidal efficacies. In contrast, addition of Tween 80 to the high water solubility chemicals produced no such enhancement of their termiticidal efficacies. In the confined test, in the case of the repellent-type chemicals of the 11 chemicals, all the test termites (10 workers and 2 soldiers) became intoxicated or paralyzed and moribund within one hour of exposure to the minimum concentration fulfilling the criteria of the JWPA standard test method. In the case of non-repellent type chemicals, all the workers became moribund within 2 hours of exposure to the minimum concentrations fulfilling the criteria of the standard test method; in contrast, it took 4 – 24 hours before the soldier termites became moribund.
Highlights
Formosan subterranean termites are considered as one of the most destructive insect pests of wooden structures throughout the world, especially in areas with warm, humid climates (Kuriachan and Gold 1998)
In an attempt to overcome these problems with chlorpyrifos and phoxim, the rates of disappearance of these chemicals under various conditions and the minimum treatment concentrations of the two termiticides required to fulfill the criteria of JWPA Standard No.13 (1992) were investigated (Enoki et al 1995)
Tunneling test The average distances and the average degrees of boring in the tunneling test of the 11 chemicals are shown in Table 1 - 3
Summary
Formosan subterranean termites are considered as one of the most destructive insect pests of wooden structures throughout the world, especially in areas with warm, humid climates (Kuriachan and Gold 1998). The time periods required for a 100% moribund rate of the test termites in soil containing 25 ppm of permethrin, 6.25 ppm of bifenthrin, 100 ppm of etofenprox and 200 ppm of silafluofen were only 1 hour, 1 hour, 2 hours and 1 hour, respectively, (Table 4) none of the concentrations fulfilled the criteria for the tunneling test results (Table 1).
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