COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF WALKING AND BENCH-STEP EXERCISE ON OSTEOCALCIN AND CTX-1 IN POST-MENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH OSTEOPENIA

Ignatio Rika Haryono,Sri Widia Jusman,Ermita I Ibrahim Ilyas,Murdani Abdullah,Andri M T Lubis,Ambrosius Purba,Angela Tulaar,Herawati Sudoyo

doi:10.1142/s0218957717500129

Abstract

Purpose: Bench-step exercise produces biomechanical movements beneficial to improve bone remodeling. However, no studies have confirmed the effects of bench-step exercise (BE) on bone formation and resorption. The goal of this study is to compare the effects of bench-step and walking exercise (WE) on changes in osteocalcin and CTX-1 levels. Methods: Fifty-nine sedentary post-menopausal women with osteopenia (T-score between [Formula: see text]1 and [Formula: see text]2.5) were randomly divided into two groups: WE group ([Formula: see text]) and BE group ([Formula: see text]). Subjects performed 12 weeks of exercise. The osteocalcin and CTX-1 levels were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Independent [Formula: see text]-test or Wilcoxon test was used to analyze the osteocalcin and CTX-1 levels. The difference in changes in the osteocalcin and CTX-1 between the groups before and after was analyzed using Mann–Whitney test. Results: The results showed a significant increase in the osteocalcin and CTX-1 levels in both groups ([Formula: see text]). The increased levels of osteocalcin between groups were not statistically different ([Formula: see text]). The increase in CTX-1 resulting from BE was lower than that from WE ([Formula: see text]). Conclusion: This study indicates that BE may inhibit resorption stronger than WE.

Highlights

Weight-bearing exercise is an essential part of the non-pharmacological management of low bone mass in osteopenia and osteoporosis.[9,25,34] Weight-bearing exercise produces ground reaction force (GRF), which involves load and has a substantial impact on bone remodeling.[13,39] Walking is a common and safe weight-bearing exercise that is recommended to improve bone mass in osteopenia
Fifty-nine subjects were diagnosed with osteopenia, but two patients were diagnosed with osteoporosis during lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) scanning and one other patient was diagnosed with osteoporosis upon pelvic BMD scanning
Osteocalcin increased by 13.3% and 8.8% after the Bench-step exercise (BE) and walking exercise (WE), respectively

Summary

Introduction

Weight-bearing exercise is an essential part of the non-pharmacological management of low bone mass in osteopenia and osteoporosis.[9,25,34] Weight-bearing exercise produces ground reaction force (GRF), which involves load and has a substantial impact on bone remodeling.[13,39] Walking is a common and safe weight-bearing exercise that is recommended to improve bone mass in osteopenia. The biomechanical characteristics of walking with less axial force on the bone may produce less GRF.[29,30]. Bench-step exercise (BE), another type of weight-bearing exercise, offers more benefits than walking exercise (WE) because it has a greater impact on GRF and the strain on the bone. BE exerts an axial force on the bone and produces greater GRF.[15,40] Zachazewski et al.[51] analyzed the impact of BE on GRF during the stair ascent (SA) and stair descent (SD) phases in the vertical, anteroposterior and lateral directions.

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Conclusion