Abstract
ObjectiveTo compare and analyze the clinical outcomes of the proximal humeral internal locking system (PHILOS) alone and the PHILOS combined with fibular allograft in the treatment of Neer three‐ and four‐part proximal humerus fractures (PHF) in the elderly.MethodsFrom January 2014 to January 2018, a total of 42 elderly patients with Neer three‐ or four‐part PHF admitted to our hospital were randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 21 patients in each group. The observation group was treated with the PHILOS combined with fibular allograft. The control group was treated with the PHILOS alone. Perioperative parameters and fracture classification were recorded in the two groups. Function results were assessed by Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Constant‐Murley score (CMS), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, and the Disability of Arm‐Shoulder‐Hand (DASH) score. Radiological results were evaluated using the neck‐shaft angle (NSA) and humeral head height (HHH), and complications were also recorded in each group.ResultsThere were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of preoperative status, age, gender, cause of trauma, fracture site, and fracture classification. The average follow‐up time was 12 months. At the last follow‐up, the VAS and DASH observation groups were lower than the control group, and there was significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). The CMS and ASES were higher in the observation group than the control group, and there was significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). The mean difference in the NSA and HHH were lower in the observation group than the control group, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). There was one postoperative complication in the observation group, which was humeral head avascular necrosis (AVN). There were seven postoperative complications in the control group, including three cases of humeral head collapse and three cases of screw cutout and one case of humeral head AVN. The incidence of postoperative complications in the observation group was significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05), there was a significant difference between the two groups.ConclusionsFor Neer three‐ or four‐part PHF in the elderly patients, PHILOS fixation with fibular allograft shows satisfactory short‐term results with respect to humeral head support and maintenance of reduction, and may reduce the incidence of complications associated with fixation using a PHILOS alone.
Highlights
Proximal humeral fractures (PHF) account for 4%–5% of the whole body bone fractures[1], and the incidence of PHF is increasing due to a high number of elderly osteoporotic patients[2], making PHF the third most common injury among older people[3]
The mean difference in the neck-shaft angle (NSA) and head height (HHH) were lower in the observation group than the control group, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05)
The incidence of postoperative complications in the observation group was significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05), there was a significant difference between the two groups
Summary
Proximal humeral fractures (PHF) account for 4%–5% of the whole body bone fractures[1], and the incidence of PHF is increasing due to a high number of elderly osteoporotic patients[2], making PHF the third most common injury among older people[3]. It has been reported that more than 80% of patients with minimally displaced PHF can be managed by nonoperation[4], but approximately 20% of patients with displaced and comminuted fractures require surgery[5]. These fractures are difficult to treat, as it is unpredictable whether they will achieve stable fixation that maintains intra-operative reduction. Most previous studies are case series, and no comparative study has evaluated the clinical and radiological outcomes of PHILOS with and without an associated fibular allograft in elderly patients
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