Comparison of the effects of intra-arterial and locally applied vasoactive agents on pulpal blood flow in dog canine teeth determined by laser doppler velocimetry

Abstract

The vasoactive agents norepinephrine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, isoproterenol and bradykinin, at concentrations which changed local arterial pressure without changing systemic arterial pressure significantly, were injected intra-arterially (i.a.) into the maxillary artery or applied directly in a deep dentinal cavity on the buccal surface of canine teeth. The probe of a laser Doppler velocimeter was placed in the cavity to monitor pulpal blood flow. Bolus i.a. injections of the vasoconstrictors norepinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine produced a statistically significant ( p < 0.05) reduction in pulpal blood flow, 21.1 ± 3.7 and 30.7 ± 15.2%, and the local arterial pressure from the lateral nasal artery increased with norepinephrine but decreased with 5-hydroxytryptamine. The i.a. injections of the vasodilators isoproterenol and bradykinin were found to decrease both local arterial pressure and pulpal blood flow, 17.7 ± 6.0 and 22.7 ± 4.2%, respectively ( p < 0.05). However, local application of isoproterenol and bradykinin caused a biphasic response: an increase in pulpal blood flow, 8.6 ± 1.6 and 9.4 ± 1.1% ( p < 0.05), followed by a decrease, 19.1 ± 11.9 and 5.3 ± 2.1% ( p > 0.005). Local application of norepinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine caused a decrease in pulpal blood flow, 23.7 ± 5.2% ( p < 0.05) and 9.3 ± 5.2% ( p > 0.05), respectively. These findings were in accordance with those from other reliable methods, such as injections of radioisotope-labelled 15 μm microspheres and the 133Xe washout technique, making laser Doppler flowmetry a reliable alternative. In addition, the biphasic response to the locally applied vasodilators and the reduction of pulpal blood flow after i.a. injection of vasodilators suggest that regulation of pulpal blood flow is determined by the combined effects of the low compliance environment and the stealing of perfusion to the pulp by the neighbouring tissues.