Comparison of the effects of alfaxalone and propofol with acepromazine, butorphanol and/or doxapram on laryngeal motion and quality of examination in dogs

Abstract

ObjectiveTo compare the effects of alfaxalone and propofol, with and without acepromazine and butorphanol followed by doxapram, on laryngeal motion and quality of laryngeal examination in dogs. Study designRandomized, crossover, blinded study. AnimalsTen female Beagle dogs, aged 11–13 months and weighing 7.2–8.6 kg. MethodsThe dogs were administered four intravenous (IV) treatments: alfaxalone (ALF), alfaxalone+acepromazine and butorphanol (ALF–AB), propofol (PRO) and propofol+AB (PRO–AB). AB doses were standardized. Dogs were anesthetized 5 minutes later by administration of alfaxalone or propofol IV to effect. Arytenoid motion during maximal inspiration and expiration was captured on video before and after IV doxapram (0.25 mg kg−1). The change in rima glottidis surface area (RGSA) was calculated to measure arytenoid motion. An investigator blinded to the treatment scored laryngeal examination quality. ResultsA 20% increase in RGSA was the minimal arytenoid motion that was detectable. RGSA was significantly less in ALF before doxapram compared with all other treatments. A <20% increase in RGSA was measured in eight of 10 dogs in PRO and in all dogs in ALF before doxapram. After doxapram, RGSA was significantly increased for PRO and ALF; however, 20% of dogs in PRO and 50% of dogs in ALF still had <20% increase in RGSA. A <20% increase in RGSA was measured in five of 10 dogs in PRO–AB and ALF–AB before doxapram. All dogs in PRO–AB and ALF–AB with <20% increase in RGSA before doxapram had ≥20% increase in RGSA after doxapram. Examination quality was significantly better in PRO–AB and ALF–AB. Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe use of acepromazine and butorphanol improved the quality of laryngeal examination. Any negative impact on arytenoid motion caused by these premedications was overcome with doxapram. Using either propofol or alfaxalone alone is not recommended for the evaluation of arytenoid motion.