Abstract
This study aimed to compare the effect of proanthocyanidin-rich grape seed extract (Pa-rich GSE) in two different concentrations on the bond strength to dentin tissue for four different cement groups (resin cement (P), resin modified glass ionomer cement (K), calcium aluminate glass ionomer cement (C), glass ionomer cement (G)). One hundred and eighty dentin surfaces of the extracted molar teeth placed on acrylic cylinders were divided into 12 groups randomly (n = 15). Each cement group was further divided into control (CP, CC, CK, CG), 6.5% Pa-rich GSE (P6.5, C6.5, K6.5, G6.5) and 12.5% Pa-rich GSE (P12.5, C12.5, K12.5, G12.5) subgroups. In accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations the cements were applied. After shear bond tests, surfaces were examined under a stereomicroscope. Median shear bond strength (in MPa) of CP, CK, CC, CG groups were 14.13, 7.05, 4.87, 3.86; for the P6.5, G6.5, C6.5, K6.5 groups they were 13.98, 13.42, 6.21, 3.27; and for the P12.5, C12.5, K12.5, G12.5 groups they were 15.08, 5.40, 3.10, 0.00, respectively. CK and K6.5 groups showed a significant difference from the K12.5 group (p < 0.05). Also, CG, G6.5 and G12.5 groups were found statistically different from each other (p < 0.05). Applied to the dentin surface, 6.5% Pa-rich GSE enhanced the bond strength of glass ionomer cements.
Highlights
Since the introduction of zinc phosphate cements in 1879, cements for prosthodontic restorations advanced and application techniques developed
The following conclusions can be drawn within the limitations of this study: 1. Resin cement showed higher bond strength to dentin than other cements
The application of the extract containing 6.5% proanthocyanidin to dentin surfaces increased the bonding of conventional glass ionomer cement to dentin
Summary
Since the introduction of zinc phosphate cements in 1879, cements for prosthodontic restorations advanced and application techniques developed. Polycarboxylate cement can be seen as an alternative to phosphate cement because it presents strong interlocking to dentin and lower acidity at early stages. Glass ionomer cements are among the alternatives due to the release of fluoride properties. Resin modified glass ionomer cements minimize complications such as cohesive failure due to the improved physical properties, in addition to the adhesion and fluoride release properties of conventional glass ionomer cements. It is of paramount importance to use a minimally invasive approach within dentistry. This approach created a new demand in the use of restorative properties at the micro- and macro-level, and this perspective had an effect on bioactive cements. A bioactive material is defined as a substance that results in the formation of an apatite-like material as a surface layer in the presence of a simulated body fluid [2]
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