Abstract
BackgroundStudies have shown that turning is associated with more instability than straight walking and instability increases with turning angles. However, the precise relationship of changes in stability with the curvature and step length of turning is not clear. The traditional center of mass (COM)-center of pressure (COP) inclination angle requires the use of force plates. A COM-foot contact point (FCP) inclination angle derived from kinematic data is proposed in this study as a measure of the stability of turning.MethodsIn order to generate different degrees of stability, we designed an experiment of walking with different curvatures and step lengths. Simultaneously, a novel method was proposed to calculate the COM-FCP inclination angles of different walking trajectories with different step lengths for 10 healthy subjects. The COM-FCP inclination angle, the COM acceleration, the step width and the COM-ankle inclination angles were statistically analyzed.ResultsThe statistical results showed that the mediolateral (ML) COM-FCP inclination angles increased significantly as the curvature of the walking trajectories or the step length in circular walking increased. Changes in the ML COM acceleration, the step width and the ML COM-ankle inclination angle verified the feasibility and reliability of the proposed method. Additionally, the ML COM-FCP inclination angle was more sensitive to the ML stability than the ML COM-ankle inclination angle.ConclusionsThe work suggests that it is more difficult to keep balance when walking in a circular trajectory with a larger curvature or in a larger step length. Essentially, turning with a larger angle in one step leads to a lower ML stability. A novel COM-FCP inclination angle was validated to indicate ML stability. This method can be applied to complicated walking tasks, where the force plate is not applicable, and it accounts for the variability of the base of support (BOS) compared to the COM-ankle inclination angle.
Highlights
Studies have shown that turning is associated with more instability than straight walking and instability increases with turning angles
The objectives of this study were (1) to propose a method that can calculate the COMFCP inclination angles based on kinematic data, (2) to validate the proposed method with experiments, in which gait stability varies with curvature and step length, and (3) to compare the proposed method with the center of mass (COM) acceleration, the step width and the COM-ankle inclination angle, among which the COM acceleration and the step width are believed to be reliable stability indicators
The result of the paired t test is shown in Fig. 7: step width (L) decreased significantly as curvature increased (Fig. 7b) and the step widths of smaller step length (SSL) were significantly larger than those of normal step length (NSL) and larger step length (LSL) for circular walking with radius of 2 m (CW2m) (Fig. 7a)
Summary
Studies have shown that turning is associated with more instability than straight walking and instability increases with turning angles. The precise relationship of changes in stability with the curvature and step length of turning is not clear. A COM-foot contact point (FCP) inclination angle derived from kinematic data is proposed in this study as a measure of the stability of turning. Up to 50% of all walking steps involve turning [1]. Kinematic analysis indicates that turning is less stable than straight walking as it demands constant. In view of the risks of falling, the stability of turning warrants analysis and investigation. Little is known about how the curvature and step length of turning affect stability. Further understanding may facilitate the development of effective means of detecting those at risk of falls and the determination of the efficacy of medical interventions [8]
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