Comparison of the clinical characteristics and mortality of adults infected with human coronaviruses 229E and OC43

Choong Won Lee,Eun-Hye Ha,Won-Il Choi,Sang Joon Park,In Byung Kim

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-83987-3

Choong Won Lee, Eun-Hye Ha + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83987-3

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Abstract

The purpose of the study was to compare clinical characteristics and mortality among adults infected with human coronaviruses (HCoV) 229E and OC43. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adults (≥ 18 years) admitted to the ward of a university teaching hospital for suspected viral infection from October 2012 to December 2017. Multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to test for respiratory viruses. Multivariate logistic regression was used to compare mortality among patients with HCoV 229E and HCoV OC43 infections. The main outcome was 30-day all-cause mortality. Of 8071 patients tested, 1689 were found to have a respiratory virus infection. Of these patients, 133 had HCoV infection, including 12 mixed infections, 44 HCoV 229E infections, and 77 HCoV OC43 infections. HCoV 229E infections peaked in January and February, while HCoV OC43 infections occurred throughout the year. The 30-day all-cause mortality was 25.0% among patients with HCoV 229E infection, and 9.1% among patients with HCoV OC43 infection (adjusted odds ratio: 3.58, 95% confidence interval: 1.19–10.75). Infections with HCoVs 229E and OC43 appear to have different seasonal patterns, and HCoV 229E might be more virulent than HCoV OC43.

Highlights

The purpose of the study was to compare clinical characteristics and mortality among adults infected with human coronaviruses (HCoV) 229E and OC43
Coronavirus infections are asymptomatic in healthy people but they are a common cause of upper respiratory infections (URIs)[4,5,6], which may progress to p neumonia[7,8], Coronaviruses are generically d iverse[9], and may induce distinctive illnesses, including Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)[10,11,12,13]
There were 8071 patients tested for respiratory infections with virus multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) during the study period, of whom 1689 (20.9%) had identifiable viral infections, 133 (1.6%) had HCoV infection

Summary

Introduction

The purpose of the study was to compare clinical characteristics and mortality among adults infected with human coronaviruses (HCoV) 229E and OC43. The 30-day all-cause mortality was 25.0% among patients with HCoV 229E infection, and 9.1% among patients with HCoV OC43 infection (adjusted odds ratio: 3.58, 95% confidence interval: 1.19–10.75). There are few studies on the epidemiology and prognosis of coronavirus infections among patients with respiratory symptoms seen in emergency departments and hospital inpatients[7,16]. Mortality from human coronaviruses (HCoVs) in hospitalized patients has not been well studied, and studies of the prognosis of HCoV infections need to take comorbidities and age into account. Multiplex PCR can detect multiple respiratory viruses simultaneously[21,22], providing an opportunity to determine the seasonal patterns of different types of HCoV infection

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